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What Are Cross Pairs in Forex Trading?
In forex trading, while major currency pairs like EUR/USD or USD/JPY dominate volume, cross pair trading offers traders broader opportunities without direct exposure to the U.S. dollar. Cross pairs, or simply "crosses," are currency pairs that do not include the U.S. dollar on either side, such as EUR/JPY or GBP/AUD.
This guide will walk you through understanding cross rates, key cross pairs, how to calculate them, liquidity considerations, and effective strategies for trading crosses.
How Do Cross Rates Work?
A cross rate is the exchange rate between two currencies, derived through their common relationship with a third currency — most often the U.S. dollar. Before widespread online trading, cross currency rates were manually calculated using each currency's value against the dollar.
For instance, to find EUR/JPY:
- Calculate EUR/USD and USD/JPY first.
- Then derive EUR/JPY using these two rates.
Nowadays, platforms directly quote cross pairs, eliminating the manual step. However, understanding this relationship is important, especially during times of USD volatility, as it can influence cross pair movement indirectly.
What Are the Major Cross Pairs?
While countless cross pairs exist, some are particularly liquid and widely traded:
- EUR/JPY: Euro versus Japanese yen
- GBP/JPY: British pound versus Japanese yen
- EUR/GBP: Euro versus British pound
- AUD/JPY: Australian dollar versus Japanese yen
- NZD/JPY: New Zealand dollar versus Japanese yen
- EUR/CHF: Euro versus Swiss franc
These pairs often have tighter spreads compared to more exotic crosses and respond sharply to regional economic and political developments.
Cross Pair Calculations
Understanding how cross pairs are calculated provides insight into how they might behave:
For example, if:
- EUR/USD = 1.2000
- USD/JPY = 110.00
Then to calculate EUR/JPY:
- EUR/JPY = EUR/USD × USD/JPY
- EUR/JPY = 1.2000 × 110.00 = 132.00
Similarly, for EUR/GBP, if:
- EUR/USD = 1.2000
- GBP/USD = 1.4000
Then:
- EUR/GBP = EUR/USD ÷ GBP/USD
- EUR/GBP = 1.2000 ÷ 1.4000 = 0.8571
While traders do not need to manually compute these rates in practice today, the logic is crucial for understanding price relationships and arbitrage opportunities.
What Are the Liquidity Considerations for Cross Pairs?
Liquidity refers to how easily a currency pair can be bought or sold without causing a significant impact on its price.
Cross pairs generally:
- Have lower liquidity than major USD pairs.
- May experience wider spreads during off-peak hours.
- Exhibit higher volatility, especially during regional market sessions (e.g., GBP crosses are active during London hours).
Traders should be cautious with exotic crosses (e.g., AUD/CHF, CAD/JPY) as liquidity can drop further, impacting slippage and execution speed.
What Are the Common Cross Pair Trading Strategies?
Effective cross pair trading strategies often consider specific characteristics of the currencies involved:
- Fundamental Divergence:
- Trade crosses based on economic divergence (e.g., stronger Eurozone data versus weak UK data might support EUR/GBP long positions).
- Technical Trading:
- Utilize patterns, support/resistance levels, and indicators like RSI or moving averages to identify cross pair trading opportunities.
- Carry Trade:
- Some crosses (e.g., AUD/JPY, NZD/JPY) are popular for carry trading, where traders benefit from the interest rate differential between two currencies.
- Correlation Analysis:
- Analyse how crosses correlate with major pairs or commodities. For example, AUD/JPY often correlates with risk sentiment and commodity prices.
- Regional Focus:
- Cross pairs tend to move more actively during their respective regional market hours, providing strategic windows for trading.
Proper risk management, attention to spreads, and awareness of regional market influences are essential when trading crosses.
Conclusion
Cross pair trading opens a diverse range of opportunities beyond the conventional U.S. dollar-based pairs. It allows traders to exploit regional economic developments, engage in strategic diversification, and fine-tune their trading portfolios. By mastering cross rate calculations, selecting liquid crosses, and employing targeted strategies, traders can effectively harness the unique dynamics of cross currency markets for greater trading success. As always, careful analysis, disciplined execution, and prudent risk management remain the foundation of profitable trading.
Frequently Asked Questions About Cross Pair Trading
What are the most profitable forex cross pairs to trade?
EUR/JPY and GBP/JPY are among the most profitable cross pairs due to high volatility and good liquidity during European and Asian session overlaps. EUR/JPY typically moves 100-150 pips daily, making it ideal for swing trading, while GBP/JPY offers 150-200 pip daily ranges perfect for both scalping and position trading. AUD/JPY and NZD/JPY are excellent for carry trades due to interest rate differentials, often providing both directional profits and positive swap earnings.
How do I calculate cross pair exchange rates manually?
Calculate cross pairs using the multiplication or division method depending on currency positioning. For EUR/JPY: multiply EUR/USD by USD/JPY (e.g., 1.1000 × 110.00 = 121.00). For EUR/GBP: divide EUR/USD by GBP/USD (e.g., 1.1000 ÷ 1.3000 = 0.8462). Remember that bid/ask spreads affect calculations - use bid prices when selling and ask prices when buying. Modern platforms calculate automatically, but understanding the math helps identify arbitrage opportunities.
Why do cross pairs have wider spreads than major USD pairs?
Cross pairs typically have wider spreads because they involve two separate transactions through USD as an intermediary currency, effectively doubling the spread cost. Lower liquidity compared to major USD pairs also contributes to wider spreads, especially during off-peak trading hours. For example, EUR/JPY spread might be 2-3 pips versus 0.5-1 pip for EUR/USD. This makes cross pair trading more suitable for swing trading rather than high-frequency scalping strategies.
What is the best time to trade cross currency pairs?
Trade European crosses (EUR/GBP, EUR/CHF) during London session (8:00-16:00 GMT) for maximum liquidity and volatility. Asian crosses like AUD/JPY and NZD/JPY are most active during Asian sessions (22:00-08:00 GMT). Session overlaps provide optimal trading conditions - the London-Tokyo overlap (7:00-9:00 GMT) is excellent for JPY crosses. Avoid trading cross pairs during low-liquidity periods like New York session close (20:00-22:00 GMT) when spreads widen significantly.
How do I manage risk when trading forex cross pairs?
Reduce position sizes by 25-30% compared to major USD pairs due to higher volatility and wider spreads. Use wider stop losses (typically 40-80 pips for major crosses) to account for increased price fluctuations. Monitor correlation risks - avoid trading highly correlated cross pairs simultaneously (e.g., EUR/JPY and GBP/JPY often move together). Set maximum daily risk limits for cross pair trading and never risk more than 2% of account balance on any single cross pair trade.
Can I use carry trade strategies with cross currency pairs?
Yes, cross pairs often provide excellent carry trade opportunities, especially JPY crosses like AUD/JPY, NZD/JPY, and EUR/JPY when interest rate differentials are favorable. Choose high-yielding currencies against low-yielding ones (typically JPY or CHF). Monitor central bank policies and economic conditions that might affect interest rates. Successful carry trades require patience, proper position sizing, and awareness that currency appreciation/depreciation can outweigh interest differentials during volatile periods.
What tools do I need for effective cross pair analysis?
Essential tools include correlation analysis software to monitor relationships between cross pairs and major currencies, cross rate calculators for arbitrage identification, economic calendars focusing on relevant country announcements, and multi-timeframe charts for technical analysis. Advanced traders use heat maps showing cross pair volatility, currency strength meters, and specialized indicators like the Cross Currency Oscillator. Real-time spread monitoring tools help optimize entry timing and cost management.
